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The use of alternative fuels and fuel components derived from the processing of organic and inorganic waste not only brings us closer to the targets set by decarbonization and environmental-protection policies, but also triggers significant challenges for maintaining their operational quality. In particular, it is essential to achieve the required physico-chemical specifications for newly formulated blends intended for vehicle engines, and to identify and effectively remove both solid and liquid contaminants specific to each feedstock fraction. Detailed information on the chemical composition and purity of individual fuel components is therefore critical to the final formulation of substitute fuels. This article presents the results of comparative studies on selected physico-chemical properties and contaminant levels in various alternative fuel components - namely, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO); pyrolysis oils from end-of-life vehicle tires (TPO), and plastic-derived oils from polypropylene (PPO) and polystyrene (PSO). For both conventional diesel and these alternative fuels, fractionation tests were performed and distillation curves were compared. Amount of solid contaminants was determined by membrane-based microfiltration tests. The aim of the study was an early-stage recognition towards the using such waste-derived fuels for powering Diesel engines. Key words: substitute fuels, fuel filtration, fuel impurities, fractional composition, diesel fuel