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In the cylinders of marine diesel engines, the process of fuel injection and atomization has a significant impact on the self – ignition and combustion of the fuel. The fuel injected at high pressure into the combustion chamber of the marine diesel engine is atomized into droplets and forms a characteristic conical shape. Knowledge and the ability to predict the formation of the fuel spray pattern are crucial in designing the injection system, optimizing engine operation, and reducing pollutant emissions in the exhausted gases. The laboratory experimental studies were carried out to determine parameters of fuel spray in the marine diesel engine. The optical Mie scattering measuring technique was used to register the fuel injection process. In these research were considered different parameters of backpressures into the constant volume chamber and the opening pressures of injector. This work presents a proposed mathematical model of the one of the main parameters describing fuel spray evolution in a marine diesel engine – spray cone angle in early stage of injection. The model was formulated using experimental data. Furthermore, a model of the evolution over time of spray cone angle is formulated, where the literature models of spray cone angle are defined as constant value. The calculation results of the spray cone angle were verified against the experimental results of the spray cone angle. The average relative errors between the experimental results and the model predictions range from 5.13% to 16.57%.