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The dynamic development of internal combustion engine technology is largely driven by increasing requirements to reduce emissions of harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), particulate matter (PM) and sulphur and carbon compounds. Legislation, such as Euro standards in Europe or EPA emission standards in the US, are forcing innovations in combustion systems, exhaust after-treatment systems and engine management strategies. As these technologies evolve, so do the requirements for lubricants, which must provide effective wear protection, be compatible with modern emission control systems and have adequate energy efficiency. This paper examines in detail the changes in lubricant classification specifications developed by key industry organisations, such as the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) and the American Petroleum Institute (API), as well as Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specifications. Particular attention has been paid to the latest updates to ACEA and API standards, which introduce stringent requirements for oils\' oxidation resistance, compatibility with diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems, and the ability to minimise deposits and improve fuel economy. In addition, the trend of decreasing engine oil viscosity in recent years has been analysed as a result of the drive to reduce friction losses and improve vehicle fuel efficiency. The increasing use of low-viscosity oils, such as 0W-20 or even 0W-16, poses new challenges in maintaining adequate lubricating properties and protecting the engine under high thermal and mechanical loads. This article examines the potential consequences of these changes for the durability of internal combustion engines and the directions for future development of oil formulations in the context of sustainability and tightening emission standards. Keywords: Emissions standards (Euro, EPA), ACEA, API, OEM, Engine oil specifications, Oil viscosity, Fuel efficiency, Damage protection, Oil oxidation, Minimization of deposits, Sustainability