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The article presents the results of experimental tests, which analyzed the impact of selected aerodynamic parameters of the propeller on the temperature of cylinder heads in air piston air engines. The factors related to the distribution of the speed of the flowing air at various shapes and angles of the propeller blades and their impact on the efficiency of engine cooling were discussed. In the experimental part, position tests were carried out in conditions similar to real conditions, allowing the assessment of temperature distribution and the nature of the flow in the engine zone. The results confirm that the proper selection of the profile, jump and rotational speed of the propeller can significantly reduce the working temperature of the heads, which translates into lower consumption and greater reliability of the drive system. Practical design and operational guidelines have also been presented, which can facilitate the optimization of the propeller -silan system using specific operational requirements. Research is important for producers aircraft, engine constructors and air ships, allowing a deeper understanding of complex aerodynamic and thermal interactions in piston engines.