VII Kongres PTNSS - 27-29 Czerwiec 2017
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DPF retrofit program in Israel -- Effects of diesel particle filters on performance of in-use buses

Abatement of particle emissions by transport is considered to be one of the main challenges in the quest for better air quality. Studies released in the last decades have indicated that combustion-generated particles represent a serious urban air pollution hazard and cause adverse health effects.
Because of the long service life of heavy-duty diesels (approximately 15 years for buses and 40-45 years for locomotives), there is a large number of older-technology vehicles of various types in usage nowadays. Cleaning up exhaust gases of these older vehicles gives an opportunity to improve air quality at affordable costs. Retrofitting older buses with diesel particulate filters (DPF) is a cost-effective measure to quickly and efficiently reduce particulate matter emissions and contribute to mitigation of air pollution in urban conglomerates.
In this presentation, the milestones on a way to wide-scale retrofitting of heavy-duty vehicles with DPF are discussed on the example of Israel DPF retrofit program. Crucial importance of a balanced governmental approach combining regulation and economic incentives, together with collaboration of government, academia and vehicle operators, is underlined.
Main results of the one-year pilot project focused on urban and intercity buses are discussed. Impact of DPF retrofitting on particulate emissions and engine performance and maintenance aspects of in-use diesel buses is analyzed. For the purpose of this study, 18 in-use intercity and urban diesel buses of Euro III technology generation were retrofitted with DPFs from three different manufacturers.
The influence of DPF on particle number concentrations and size distribution is measured and analyzed for various engine operating modes. Engine-out and tailpipe particle emissions are assessed in three measuring campaigns during a period of 12 months after DPFs installation. Very high particle filtration efficiency (in average, above 96%) together with relatively low fuel economy penalty (0.6-1.8%, depending on the bus type) are proved. Issues of buses fuel economy, backpressure build-up, lubricating oil quality, as well as maintenance and drivability aspects, are addressed. Considerations about a testing procedure most suitable for I/M control of heavy-duty vehicles with DPF are discussed as well.
Vital importance of careful monitoring and correct maintenance of DPF-equipped vehicles is underlined. Finally, an importance of DPF retrofitting as an efficient tool of reduction of passengers’ exposure to harmful particulates is discussed on the example of diesel-propelled trains.  
Tematyka artykułu: Osprzęt silników
Autor: Leonid Tartakovsky
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