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This study investigates combustion and emission characteristics of a modern single-cylinder compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). These two drop-in fuels have different physical and auto-ignition properties. HVO has lower viscosity and higher cetane number, which affect mixture formation and combustion. Therefore, variable common rail injection pressures were applied at split fuel injection scheme to compensate for fuels’ individual properties. The results shown that FAME preferred higher injection pressures than diesel fuel, whereas HVO could be injected at lower pressures, without emissions deterioration. Additionally, reduction of injection pressure from 800 bar to 500 bar for HVO at low engine load resulted in improvement of engine brake thermal efficiency by 1 percentage point, due to reduced high-pressure pump losses.